Soil moisture potential of agrocenoses in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

O. Demydenko; S. Bulygin; V. Velychko; V. Kaminsky; M. Tkachenko

doi:10.15407/agrisp8.02.049

O. Demydenko Cherkasy State Agricultural Research Station of the National Scientific Center "Institute of Agriculture of NAAS" 13, Dokuchayeva Str., Kholodnianske village, Smila District, Cherkasy Region, Ukraine, 20731
S. Bulygin National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine 15, Heroyiv Oborony Str., Kyiv, Ukraine, 03041
V. Velychko National Scientific Center "Institute for Soil Science and Agrochemistry Research named after O.N. Sokolovsky" 4, Chaikovska Str., Kharkiv, Ukraine, 61024
V. Kaminsky National Scientific Center "Institute of Agriculture of NAAS" 2-B, Mashynobudivnykiv Str, Chabany, Kyiv-Sviatoshyn District, Kyiv Region, Ukraine, 08162
M. Tkachenko National Scientific Center "Institute of Agriculture of NAAS" 2-B, Mashynobudivnykiv Str, Chabany, Kyiv-Sviatoshyn District, Kyiv Region, Ukraine, 08162

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp8.02.049

Keywords: crop rotations of different duration, predecessors, rotation norms, moisture provision, soil properties, evaporation, agrotechnical measures, cultivation culture

Abstract

Aim. To determine the main regularities in the formation of soil moisture potential, the accumulation and exploita- tion of soil resources of productive moisture by agricultural crops under the cultivation in the ecosystems of dif- ferent crop rotations in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, permanent, laboratory, analytic, statistical methods. Results. During a short-term grain-row crop rotation, the total loss of available moisture without the introduction of mineral fertilizers was 317 mm, and in the variant with fertilizers it increased by 107 %. The total loss of moisture under different ways of tillage in the variants without any fertilizers was the lowest for the surface tillage and increased 1.05 times for ploughing and 1.08 times for deep tillage. After the introduction of fertilizers, the total loss of moisture increased by 23.0 mm or 107 % on average. In case of long-term (10–36 years) surface tillage, the efficiency of using the reserves of productive moisture increased by 25–40 % and the coefficients of water consumption of crops decreased by 35–40 %. Conclusions. Short-term crop rotations were found to be more productive, and the relation between energy accumulation in dry matter, the yield of fodder and cereal units and energy accumulation in the yield per 10 t of used productive (available) moisture was at the level of strong direct correlation (R>+0.70). Regression coefficients for the variables: dry matter, fodder and cereal units, dry matter per 10 t of moisture in dependence equations were 3.06, 1.25, 7.25, and 2.89 times higher, respectively, as compared with long-term crop rotations, which demonstrated 2.59-fold increased productivity and use of the total moisture circulation in short-term crop rotations as compared with long-term ones.

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