Transovarial effect of the mixture of metal nanoparticles (Ag, Cu, Fe, MnO2) on biochemical indices of blood of one-day-old chickens compared to metal salts

Abstract

Aim. Due to small sizes of metal nanoparticles (NPMe), after getting into the organism, they penetrate different internal organs, overcoming hematoencephalitic and placental barriers, and may cause different pathophysiological effects in the organism. Thus, the aim of our study was to study transovarial effect of NPMe mixture (Ag, Cu, Fe, MnO2 ) on biochemical indices of blood of one-day-old chickens compared to salts of relevant metals. Methods. The studies were conducted using Hisex White cross chickens (n = 28) with the sex ratio of roosters to hens of 1:6, which were fed for 37 days with the following additives: an experimental sample of NPМе mixture, containing nanoparticles of silver (31.5 ± 0.9 nm), iron (100.0 ± 10.0 nm), copper (70.0 ± 4.0 nm) and manganese peroxidase (50.0 ± 3.0 nm), in the doses of 0.3 and 4.0 mg/kg of bodyweight (experiments ІІ and ІІІ); solution of salt mixture – AgNO3 , (CuSO4 ∙ 5H2 O), (MnSO4 ∙ 5H2 O) and (FeSO4 ∙ 7H2 O) (experiment І); distilled water (control). Starting with Day 30 of the experiment, eggs were collected from poultry in each group for a week and placed for further incubation. Blood samples were taken from hatched one-day-old chickens (n = 93) for biochemical studies. The registration of biochemical indices was conducted using spectrophotometer SHIMADZU UV-1800 (Japan). Results. The experiments determined the mechanism of toxic effect of NPMe mixture after its administration to chickens in the dose of 4.0 mg/kg of bodyweight, which was manifested in decreasing the natural resistance (tendency to the increase in seromucoids – immunosuppressive proteins), excessive formation of toxic products of purine exchange (increase in the concentration of uric acid by 77.6 %; P < 0.05) and straining of enzyme systems of natural detoxication (increase in the activity of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase by 23.8 and 31.6 %; P < 0.05) with the development of oxidative stress (increase in the content of diene conjugates and malondialdehyde by 19.3 and 23.8 %; P < 0.01) in the organism of one-day-old chickens. The mechanism of pharmacological effect of NPMe mixture at its administration to chickens in the dose of 0.3 mg/kg of bodyweight lies in enhancing immune reactions (increasing the amount of general proteins and globulins by 14.4 and 12.0 %; P < 0.05) along with the antioxidant effect via the release of vitamins A and E from the endogenous depot (by 14.7 and 25.7 % above the control; P < 0.05) in the organism of one-day-old chickens. Conclusions. In conditions of transovarial transmission, there is confi rmed advantage of the effect of NPMe mixture (Ag, Cu, Fe, MnO2 ) in the dose of 0.3 mg/kg of bodyweight of laying hens comparing to the effect of the analogue in the form of the mixture of metal salts, which may help in achieving a high percentage of liveability of young birds, forming defensive reactions in the organism of chickens and ensuring full realization of genetic potential in terms of meat or egg productivity of agricultural poultry. The mechanism of toxic effect of metal nanoparticles in the dose of 4.0 mg/kg of bodyweight was determined which will allow elaborating safe regulations for the application of non-organic nanomaterials in modern poultry breeding and timely management of the risks of their application.